Ultra‐acute exposure to cadmium does not impair whitefish sperm motility

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) exposure can impair the traits of aquatic animals associated with reproduction. In natural lakes Cd is typically detected at concentrations below 0.001 mg l −1 . The authors investigated impact ultra‐acute on sperm motility in European whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus ). They activated water containing various nominal and recorded parameters. Only highest concentration (500 ) was decreased swimming velocity increases both percentage static cells curvature trajectory. results indicate that environmentally realistic during activation are not critically harmful to male C. fertilization potential.